3D scanning of prehistoric art

Archaeoptics has just relased the news that they have finished scanning several rock art panels: Ketley Crag, Chatton Park 1, Huntersheugh Howgill and Cotherstone. This is good news as laser scanning is the most accurate and non destructive way of recording rock art and so will provide an excellent record of these carvings many of which are threatened in many different ways.

Link

Beckensall Archive of Northumberland Rock Art

I have also come across a nice article on the scanning of the art at Long Meg: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/prehistoric/past/past50.html#LASERSCANNING

See also: Dr. Margarita Díaz-Andreu

Brush up on your Yucatec

I was interested to learn that Mel Gibson's new film Apocalypto will be performed in the maya language Yucatec. This has to be a first but it is a good idea as Mayan history contains some brilliant stories, impressive spectacle and loads of violence. In case you wanted to learn more about this language here are some resources:

A Brief Introduction to Yucatec Maya

Combined Dictionary–Concordance of the Yucatecan Mayan Language

an online dictionary of all Mayan languages

Story about the film

Eastern Zhou grave discovered

The eastern zhou (770-256 BC) has produced some absolutely amazing relics so it’s nice to learn that a new tomb from that era has been discovered near Luoyang and properly excavated rather than being looted.

Link

Saving China's antiquities

New Rock Art

I do love megalithtic art so i was very excited to hear about the discovery of a new decorated tomb in Scotland. The find was at Balblair Quarry, Beauly near Inverness an area that does not contain any similar art. It looks like the sort of thing that is found in Ireland and areas influenced by Ireland so the discovery on the east coast is an enigma. More information on the excavation and further pictures can be found here.

Palanth up again

The palanth forum where various aspects of human evolution are discussed is back up again after being down for some time due to technical problems:

http://forum.palanth.com/index.php

Wren's Nest

I live near the lovely Wren's Nest national nature reserve so was very happy to learn (via discuss fossils) that a website with pictures of fossils collected there has been created by Geoff Broughton here:

Link

It's well worth a look.

If you want to see the fossils in real life you can visit the Dudley Museum & Art Gallery, or the Lapworth Museum, or of course you could visit Wren's Nest itself. The picture is of the trilobite Calymene blumenbachii from Wren's Nest in the Dudley museum.

I have a set of photos taken at the Dudley museum on flickr here.

Morphbank

Above is an image from Morphbank a a cool new wesite I have just heard about via Eurekalert. It will apparently be an 'international Web database that contains thousands of high-resolution photographs and other images of plant and animal specimens.' The images here are all very high quality and it is possible to download vey high resolution versions which is nice, especially as there seem to be lots of nice SEMs, and i do like a nice SEM. The taxonomic coverage is limited at the moment (mainly to wasps) but it could be an amazing resource in the future.

The picture is the wasp Aylax papaveris and morphbank can be found at http://www.morphbank.com. Press release: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-10/fsu-tso101105.php

Flower Development

A nice Review of flower development has just been published in Nature Reviews Genetics:

Krizek, B.A. and Fletcher, J.C. (2005) Molecular mechanism of flower development: An armchair guide. Nat. Rev. Genet. 6, 688-698.

Abstract
An afternoon stroll through an English garden reveals the breathtaking beauty and enormous diversity of flowering plants. The extreme variation of flower morphologies, combined with the relative simplicity of floral structures and the wealth of floral mutants available, has made the flower an excellent model for studying developmental cell-fate specification, morphogenesis and tissue patterning. Recent molecular genetic studies have begun to reveal the transcriptional regulatory cascades that control early patterning events during flower formation, the dynamics of the gene-regulatory interactions, and the complex combinatorial mechanisms that create a distinct final floral architecture and form.

It is available to download from the Krizek lab homepage: http://www.biol.sc.edu/~krizek/0905NRG.pdf

Worms!

Above is a picture of the parasitic tapeworm Taenia crassiceps I thought i would post it becuase it is a neat picture. This parasite does look horrifying but there is some evidence to suggest that these and other parasites can be beneficial, manipulating the host immune response and preventing diseases such as asthma. Although a reduction in worm infection is probably not the only reason for the recent dramatic rise in asthma and other inflammatory diseases.

Microscopy and the helminth parasite http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2003.12.001 (source of image)

Parasite role reversal: worms on trial http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2005.02.002

Wheeze, allergic sensitization and geohelminth infection in Butajira, Ethiopia. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02181.x - evidence contra to the beneficial effect of worms?

The social bond between dogs and people

An interesting article on the history of the human relationship with dogs is soon going to be published in the Journal of Archaeological Science. Based on the earliest deliberate burials of humans and dogs it is estimated that this relationship was established by 14,000 years ago, although molecular techniques put this date much earlier. Humans certainly seem to have a strong bond with dogs and dogs have been shown to understand human cues such as gaze direction extremely well. This ability is better than that of the great apes or human reared wolves.

Even though this bond is strong it seems that this ability is quite easy to breed. A Russian experiment with silver foxes has managed to domesticate them in around 30 generations merely by selecting those that showed the least fear of humans. This has lead to a number of other interesting changes including an increase in: ‘floppy ears’ ‘curly tails’ a white star on the forehead and short rolled tails. These traits are also common in domesticated dogs. This shows how easy it is to domesticate an animal, although I wonder what would happen in a non canid?

It is also interesting to speculate why dogs were domesticated in the first place. I am inclined to think it was something like dogs being useful to track or herd animals. But the stability of this relationship for 14,000 years is probably in large part due to the close relationship human and dogs have developed, based on the ability of our two species to communicate in a unique way.

Burying key evidence: the social bond between dogs and people
Darcy F.
Morey. Journal of Archaeological Science. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2005.07.009

Abstract
People have been burying or otherwise ritually
disposing of dead dogs for a long time. They sometimes treat other animals in
such a fashion, but not nearly as often as dogs. This presentation documents the consistent and worldwide distribution of this practice over about the past 12,000e14,000 years. Such practices directly reflect the domestic relationship between people and dogs, and speak rather directly to the timing of canid domestication. In doing so, they contradict recent genetics-based inferences, thus calling into question the legitimacy of focusing mostly on genetic factors
as opposed to other factors. This discussion seeks to work towards a sound framework for analyzing and thus understanding the social compatibility between people and dogs. That compatibility is directly signified by the burial of dogs, with people often responding to the deaths of individual dogs much as they usually respond to the death of a family member. Moreover, that special social relationship continues, as illustrated clearly by the establishment, maintenance, and ongoing use of several modern dog cemeteries, in different countries of the world.

Early Canid Domestication: The Farm-Fox Experiment
http://www.floridalupine.org/publications/PDF/trut-fox-study.pdf

Dogs respond appropriately to cues of humans' attentional focus
http://hal.psych.uw.edu.pl/2004zalaczniki/Viranyi%20i%20in%202004.pdf

Transitional Dinosaur - Bird Eggs

Evolutionary trends in eggs and egg-laying from basal archosaurs to modern birds

An interesting new article is available from Naturwissenschaften reporting the discovery of eggs with dinosaur-like and bird-like characteristics. This is of course exactly what you would expect to find if birds had evolved from dinosaurs.

Minute theropod eggs and embryo from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand and the dinosaur-bird transition

Eric Buffetaut, Gerald Grellet-Tinner, Varavudh Suteethorn, Gilles Cuny, Haiyan Tong, Adrijan Košir, Lionel Cavin, Suwanna Chitsing, Peter J. Griffiths, Jérôme Tabouelle1 and Jean Le Loeuff.

Abstract

We report on very small fossil eggs from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand, one of them containing a theropod embryo, which display a remarkable mosaic of characters. While the surficial ornamentation is typical of non-avian saurischian dinosaurs, the three-layered prismatic structure of the eggshell is currently known only in extant and fossil eggs associated with birds. These eggs, about the size of a goldfinch's, mirror at the reproductive level the retention of small body size that was paramount in the transition from non-avian theropods to birds. The egg-layer may have been a small feathered theropod similar to those recently found in China.

Link - journal website

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